The Law of Tort in a Factual Situation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1751 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Tort Essay Did you like this example? Introduction This task will evaluate the impact of the law of tort on ABS chemical plant in a given situation. Scenario You work on the Legal Team for ABS Chemical Plant, it is your role to advise the Company Directors and Management on any legal issues that arise within the company. Advice has been requested following an accident on a family day visit to ABS Chemical Plant. Before visiting, the family were assured by the ABS Manager that they à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“operated a safe environment and had safety advisors on site, at all times.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  During the family visit, the chemicals used to treat waste water had caused a steam boiler to overheat, causing it to burst. The sheer blast caused serious physical injuries to the children and the mother who witnessed this suffered psychological trauma. The safety advisors were not present on the site and there was a delay in first aid and treatment being given to both mother and the children. The family car parked nearby had also been destroyed due to a blast. During the chaos, an employee who operated heavy machinery was distracted and caused a slight injury to a fellow employee. Apply the rules of negligence, vicarious and occupierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liability to this case study, giving examples of relevant case and statute law. Develop the application of all these rules to provide a full conclusion and evaluation of the above incidences. Tort law impacts consumers and businesses like ABS chemical plant in various ways. Businesses are able to respect consumers to a great extent. On the other hand, the consumers enjoy diversity in the market. Tort law impacts businesses and consumers both positively and negatively. Tort law is basically the branch of law that deals with civil cases in which one party sues another party. For consumers, the threat of litigation is beneficial. For example, a restaurant that has meat spoiling in its refrigerator. The restaurant knows that ser ving bad meat can result in a  £100 fine by the city (if the restaurant is caught). The restaurant might figure that the potential fine is worth it, since the total value of the meat is  £1000. But enter the consumer. If the consumer (customer) gets sick after eating meat the restaurant knew was bad, the consumer might sue for  £2000 ( £1500 in medical costs and  £500 in lost wages). The restaurant knows that customers who get food poisoning might sue, and this is a huge motivator in keeping businesses on the up-and-up. Of course, businesses hate tort law for this same reason. Negligence An advantage of negligence for the business is that all parties in the ABS chemical plant can be held liable for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tort. This means that if ABS chemical plant is held liable they may be able to share or transfer the burden of damages by suing other members of the chain. However, if a party of ABS chemical plant were held liable th ey must prove the negligent party among the members of the chain. This may only happen if the company is a partnership etc. A disadvantage of negligence is that the plaintiff must show that ABS chemical plant did not meet its duty of care to the consumer in keeping them safe, and that the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions were the proximate cause of the failure. This means that it may be a lengthy process and it would cost a lot of money in for legal professionals to take the case forward which the family may not be able to afford. Another disadvantage is that if ABS are held liable it would affect the reputation of their business and it would result in fewer people getting work carried out by them due to bad working practices and health and safety, this could result in the workforce of the business being reduced. A recommendation for businesses like ABS chemical plant on negligence is to get public liability insurance as it would cover ABS chemical plant from civil lawsuits. It is also called umbrella coverage. Thus, umbrella public liability insurance would provide coverage beyond ABS chemical plants primary policy. In essence, personal liability insurance provides protection against unexpected losses and catastrophic situations. Also, public liability insurance may provide coverage for the insureds spouse, children and other relatives living in the home. Amounts in liability coverage typically range from  £0.6 million to  £6 million, depending on a variety of factors. The calculation usually depends on an individuals state of residence and the risk of liability exposure. Typically,  £0.6 million coverage has a premium amount ranging from  £130 to  £195 yearly. Catastrophic losses, frivolous lawsuits and high lawsuit settlements can occur as a result of liability claims against the insured. The limits on many primary businesses are not enough for unanticipated accidents and negligence costs. Therefore, public liabili ty insurance enables the insured to be free from unforeseen costs. Without this additional umbrella policy, an individual may be compelled to utilise personal funds to pay any costs beyond the limits of his primary liability insurance. Moreover, public liability insurance can cover liability claims against the insured, including slander, libel, invasion of privacy and defamation. It can also pay for medical expenses and legal fees. Nuisance An advantage of nuisance is the fact that action is not restricted to the particular types of nuisance, which form statutory nuisance. A disadvantage of nuisance for ABS is that if they failed to deal with a nuisance problem they could face legal action and a fine. The local authority could restrict or stop ABSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s activities. If ABS have a permit or exemption and they breach noise, odour or other conditions the Environment Agency or their local authority can take enforcement action against ABS. Another disadvantage of thi s for ABS is that if they cause a nuisance that causes harm to people or damages property they may be causing a private nuisance and could be sued by individuals or organisations. They may have to attend a court hearing and pay compensation or damages. A recommendation for a business like ABS would be that if ABS identified any nuisance they should take all reasonable steps to prevent or minimise it. To avoid causing a nuisance, they should: check noise, odours and other emissions at the boundary, and in the locality, of their site this should be done during different operating conditions and at different times of the day ABS could also try to maintain good relations with their neighbours. They could give neighbours early warning of any particular activities that they plan to carry out, such as installing a new plant. ABS could also assess whether odours are likely to be emitted from their site and the most likely sources, and appropriate control measures could be put in plac e. This could be made as part of their routine site inspections. ABS could also control or stop the odour at its source. They should be able to demonstrate that they follow good practice in their operations and that they have used the most effective means to prevent an odour nuisance. This could mean that the business builds a good reputation for itself and they could get more projects coming their way therefore increasing the demand for them, this could lead to an increase in the workforce and an expansion of the business. Vicarious liability An advantage of vicarious liability is that it is easier for the claimant to attach blame to a responsible person. Another advantage is that an injured person can pursue for compensation from an employer rather than an employee who caused the damage as they are covered by insurance for the harm. A disadvantage of vicarious liability is that if a claim is put in and a business like ABS does not have insurance they may have to pay compe nsation and fines out of their own assets and this may lead to decreasing the amount of wages, corporate profits being greatly affected and productivity going down. The bottom line is that the rising cost of torts is having a dynamic impact on our society. Another disadvantage is that someone is responsible legally for the behaviour and actions of somebody else, for example, the boss of ABS could find himself responsible for the injury to the fellow employee when in fact his staffs are the wrong-doers. Lastly a disadvantage of vicarious liability that the employee always gets away scot free receives any punishment for their action. Even if there is vicarious liability, the injured person does not necessarily give up any right he may have to pursue the employee individually. If, for some reason, the injured person is unable to get full compensation from the employer, then he might seek to recover the balance from the employee. In addition, the employer may well seek reimbursement for any amount paid to the injured person (although in practice this rarely occurs). A recommendation for businesses like ABS could protect itself from vicarious liability by imposing strict guidelines as far as acceptable behaviour. An agent or employee is said to be outside of the scope of his employment if he acts outside of his job duties. If a company makes clear what the job duties are, and limits the scope of employment, this can provide some measure of protection against this type of secondary liability being imposed. ABS could also provide extensive and offering ongoing training for supervisors and managers to employees on what constitutes illegal and unlawful acts in the workplace. Supervisor training is one of the most-effective forms of proactive measures that ABS can undertake to prevent incidents that increase the employers liability for supervisors actions. This would make reduce the amounts of incidents happening at ABS like the heavy machinery which was being operat ed and the employee was distracted resulting in an employee being injured reducing the amount of workforce and reducing productivity as the team was down by a member so has to make up for that member and also may feel unsafe in the workplace due to the blast. Conclusion This task has evaluated the impact of the law of tort on ABS chemical plant. Bibliography https://www.richardbuxton.co.uk/v3.0/node/18 https://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6613883_definition-personal-liability-insurance.html https://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8378431_advantages-disadvantages-strict-liability.html https://business.wales.gov.uk/running-business/data-protection-crime-insurance/noise-odour-and-other-nuisances-0 https://www.findlaw.co.uk/law/accidents_and_injuries/accident_claims/500045.html https://richardhall.articlealley.com/tort-law-change-and-its-impact-on-society-111707.html https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-vicarious-liability.htm https://smallbusiness.chron.com/impact-vicarious-li ability-employers-24701.html https://answers.bloglines.com/Finance/How_does_Tort_Law_Impact_Businesses_and_Consumers Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Law of Tort in a Factual Situation" essay for you Create order

The Fao ( Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United...

The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) carries one main effort, which is to achieve food security for everyone around the world. Their goals include the elimination of hunger, food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty. Not only do they want to focus on food and agriculture, but they also want to drive forward the economic and social progress for all. In essence, they strive to create sustainability and resilience. Sustainability is a development that meets the needs of the present but does not take away the capability of meeting the needs of future generations. Resilience is the ability of people, many in communities that are confronted by disasters, to withstand damage and undergo rapid recovery. The FAO seeks to create sustainability and resilience to improve our world for the present times, which will positively affect the future times. The FAO has been helping people since it was founded in 1945. Today, the FAO still help people, like the ones in Haiti that were just devastated by Hurricane Matthew. 800,000 people faced a lack of food security, and the FAO took actions immediately along with other food and health organizations. This instance is a perfect example that food security is an international problem. Not only do people face it in poor countries like Haiti, but even the United States faces food insecurity. In 2014, and estimated 14% of household owners faced food insecurity. Recently, on September 7, 2016, the USDAShow MoreRelatedLivestock Disease and African Food Security Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesDisease and African Food Security A serious problem in Africa today is the emergence of rampant, deadly strains of disease that are affecting livestock and ravaging populations of pigs and cattle in many African nations, putting food security at risk in many populations of various nations. 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By the River Free Essays

The story of Harry Howdy living In a small country town and his growth Into a young man Is a ‘bloodcurdling’. That Is, It describes his coming of age, a process that moves children, sometimes quite roughly, into the adult world. The death of his mother and the loss of a dear childhood friend certainly force Harry to enter this adult world, as they teach him the importance of close and supporting relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on By the River or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harry has to take on adult responsibilities earlier than expected after the loss of his mother to a fatal disease. Both he and his brother Keith, take over the housework â€Å"my rather and me shared the duties our mother left us† to help their father, who Is busy In full time employment, providing for the family. It is Harry and Keith who keep the household running by â€Å"cooking† and keeping â€Å"the bathroom shining like a medal†. Harry has to combine these adult responsibilities with the grief that he feels, not only with the death of his mother, but also the death of his close friend Linda Mahoney. Linda Mahoney was Harry close school friend and her support enabled him to cope with the death of his mother and the small mindedness of his town. She shared her levels, ambitions, and her delouses orange cake with Harry. â€Å"She held out an orange cake and a card† and â€Å"l sat in the shade, enjoying her dreams and the sound of her eager voice until she stopped, closed her book, look up at me and ask, ‘What do you want to be Harry? ‘ â€Å". This highlights Land’s kindness to Harry and the way that she wants to encourage his dreams. When Linda drowned in a flood when Harry was 14, he grieved for her. From then on, Harry visited her memorial cross â€Å"so that our town had something worth remembering†, to tell her stories and to be close to her. He kept the area tidy In memory of Linda. Just like his father looked after his mother’s memorial. His school friend, Johnny Barlow, also grieved Land’s death. As the story in By the River progresses, Johnny Barlow became Harry close friend. This was despite the Barlow family having a bad reputation in town. The father â€Å"lines up empty beer bottles†; the eldest brother â€Å"received two years Jail, for beating up a businessman†, the other brother Wayne, â€Å"motorbikes, the pub and girls†. The youngest son Johnny suffered as a result of the poor reputation of his family. He’ll turn up Like his brother, locked In Jail’. In Harry corning of age, his father teaches him to form his own opinions of people and not to rely on other people’s misjudgment. While everyone in their town judges Johnny, Harry becomes friends with him. Harry discovers a ring on Linda Mahogany grave and learns that Johnny cared for Linda and that he is actually capable of emotionally hurting despite what some people might think, â€Å"she sat between us, remember? † Together they grieve for Linda and live through the judgment of the town. By the River’ Is a powerful Illustration of the life of a young boy who grows up following the death of his mother and close friend Linda Mahoney. It provides vivid examples of the difficulties of living in a small country town. Through Harry experiences in assuming adult responsibilities, through his coping with grief and through his reassessment of people’s characters, Harry transitions from childhood Into adulthood. In the beginning, Harry only wants to escape his town. Through his becoming of an adult, Harry realizes that, If he Is going to leave this How to cite By the River, Papers

College Education Comparison Between America And Vietnam Essay Example For Students

College Education Comparison Between America And Vietnam Essay Nowadays, in a modern world, college education takes an important part for people who want good living. The united States has many top colleges and universities in the world, so a lot of International students get here. Among all international students in the U. S. , the number of Vietnamese International students is ranked ninth. As an immigrant student, experience two semesters In a Vietnamese university and two years in Northern Virginia Community College, comprehend that there are many saltcellars and differences between college education In America and Vietnam In many regions, especially In education systems, technology and schooling locals. The college systems of America and Vietnam have many points in common. For example, students usually take tour years in universities to gain a BAA degree. In the first two years, students will take some general classes, this helps students accumulate basic knowledge and skills before taking major subjects. They also can earn Associate of Art certificate in communicate colleges to transfer to four years universities to get a BAA degree. Moreover, students will have to take some compulsory classes which are required for the majors they follow. Beside the similar points between American and Vietnamese education. Free hanging major in colleges of the U. S. Is one of various differences. In America, students can declare their new majors at any time and many times as they wish, while Vietnamese students are unable to do even a single time or It would be certainly complicating In additional, American students can study many majors at a same time, usually they take a main major and a minor major. It is really convenience in the U. S. Colleges to earn a minor major degree, since students do not have to take the subjects which are already In the mall majors programs of study. So, many students in America graduate with more than one degree and that give them unhindered opportunities. When comparing the education systems between America and Vietnam, technology cannot be unmentionable. Nowadays, college education In Vietnam has been developed a lot, using supporting devices, tools and machine for teaching and learning, many equipment are as convenient as those in America; still only big universities are equipped and have to use UN-Vietnamese books. Therefore, the needed mum In class In Vietnamese colleges Is longer than American ones, since instructors usually read or write on black board the lectures or for their students to take note, and that makes students have less time to study and research by homeless. On the contrary, In the U. S. , colleges give full facilities to teachers and students to enhance education quality, shorten the in class time, and then students have plenty of time to do their researches and studies. Furthermore, American students can take the Extended Learning Institute courses which contain hybrid courses, online course and telecommuters, while the Vietnamese colleges are unable to carry out. The ELI courses give students flexible schedules tofu winch are Important Tort students won are working Ana studying, so teen can manage to earn more income for their living, tuitions or entertainment, etc. Additionally, the purposes of education in America and Vietnam are very distinct. Vietnamese colleges improve national moral which helps students understand social circumstances , environment, and lifestyle of the people; helps students understand the history of the country, love their homeland, the customs value of the country. On the other hand, American colleges develop democratic and scientific spirit supports students organize working in groups that developed independent spirit through community and collective consciousness, supports students be able to recognize the values cultural of mankind. In my opinion, colleges in Vietnam train students to become talented people while American colleges make students become responsible citizens. Before I moved to the U. S. , I expected that I would study in a college which have enough equipment and quality teachers. .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e , .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e .postImageUrl , .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e , .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e:hover , .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e:visited , .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e:active { border:0!important; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e:active , .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uae684c8df8c2b6c6f5b27a776ca1d68e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Underrepresented Groups - Hairspray EssayHowever, for two years, I have experienced the best education that I ever imagined. The professors whose classes that I took were very nice, skilled and helpful. In America, education quality and responsibility of instructors are highly dignities by giving students the survey sheets after each courses to have feedback room students, the students will rate the quality of the courses, inductors and give their ideas how to improve the courses quality. Now I understand why the education in America is in the top of the world. In conclusion, through the comparison between college education in the U. S. And Vietnam, we see there are vast differences and similarities in three facts: education systems, technology and goals of schooling. However, the distinction is still enormous, which means Vietnamese people and international students must acquire assignments from the United States and struggle with all abilities to develop the country.

Develop a Successful Push Notifications Strategy

How to Find Success With Your Push Notifications Strategy Push notifications can be an incredibly effective way to stay connected with your audience. However, many users also find them to be annoying. Companies have to find the perfect balance between adding value to the lives of their users and overwhelming them with information or notifications. If you are ready to upgrade your push notifications strategy and develop more engaging push notifications content, then use this guide every step of the way. What Are Push Notifications? A push notification is a message sent directly from an app to an individual user, even if that app is not open. When companies discuss push notifications, they are usually talking about notifications on smartphones. However, push notifications can also pop up on computers and be linked to websites. In short, they are brief messages that appear on the screen, and they are clearly linked to a specific application the user already has. When you swipe or click on the message, it will bring up a new window and take the user to a particular page or function.A push notification looks a lot like a text message, and it functions in many of the same ways. However, a push notification wont cost the user any money as long as they have an internet connection. In addition, users typically have to opt in to receive push notifications. If for any reason they dont want to receive these notifications going forward, they can also opt out of them. Therein lies the challenge for creators: finding the balance between maximizing the potential of push notifications and preventing users from opting out of them.The Importance of a Push Notifications Strategy Some of the biggest challenges for any business or organization are keeping customers interested, holding their attention and gaining brand awareness. In all three respects, push notifications can be very effective. Even when users are not on your website or using your app, your content can pop up. Users might click through if the notification is interesting enou gh to capture their attention.A great push notifications strategy can drive traffic straight to your website. It is cheaper than traditional advertising, and it is only accessible to those who are already interested and have opted-in to the notifications. It can also be a wonderful method for delivering new content when it is created. If you write a new article about a recent or upcoming event, for example, you can get a lot of eyes on your content in a hurry.However, blanketing users with push notifications is never a smart move. It can be overwhelming to the user, and it can give your brand a negative reputation. Therefore, it is vital that any company that opts to use push notifications develops a thoughtful strategy for their employment.Why Push Notifications Content Needs to Be a Priority Before you start planning out the timing of your push notifications or thinking about the exact word choice for each one, make sure you know what your push notifications will be leading to. Af ter all, the goal is to use push notifications to drive traffic to your primary content. For that reason, you should have a solid plan for that content before you dive into the details of your strategy.If you already have a solid plan in place for content creation, then you may already be set. Great content should be valuable to your intended audience, and it can be funny, visually appealing, informative or some combination of all three. If you dont have a solid plan for content creation, it may be worth spending some time and figuring out what story you want to tell. Do you have some valuable information you want to share with potential customers? Do you want your business to be a thought leader in a particular field? Answering these questions can help you figure out what kind of content your push notifications should lead to. Developing an Effective Strategy for Push Notifications When developing a push notifications strategy, some of the key factors to keep in mind include timin g, frequency, message length and segmentation. First is the issue of timing. This is critical because if you send push notifications at inopportune times, users will either get frustrated or not see them at all. If you send a push notification in the middle of the night, for example, users are unlikely to respond to them. Using your own data indicating when users are most active on your app or site, and time your push notifications strategically for the future.Next, consider frequency. Although there are many variables to consider, more than one push notification per week is rarely recommended. With two notifications per week and up, businesses will see more opt-outs and users who stop visiting the website or app completely. Too few is always better than too many in this regard.The next factor to consider is message length. Short and sweet is always a good strategy, so aim to keep messages just a few words. This is when having a writer on hand can be helpful because someone familiar with writing copy can trim down your message to the bare minimum while still retaining plenty of user appeal.Finally, consider segmentation. If data and budget allows, separate your users into groups. Instead of sending the same message to all users, or sending all users to the same content, create segments. This allows users to receive information about the subjects or areas that are most relevant to their lifestyles. Implementing segmentation can increase click-through rates and upgrade user experiences.Case Studies: Companies Who Have Effectively Used Push Notifications Companies large and small have used push notifications to great success. Beyond the Rack is an online clothing store that started offering time-sensitive sales via email to existing subscribers. Since emails are not time-sensitive, customers often began shopping too late to take advantage of the sales. The solution was the implementation of push notifications, which encouraged shopping in real time and increased the click-through rate by 20%.Google recently promoted a case study on the use of push notifications for a Saudi Arabian company called eXtra Electronics. By implementing an effective push notifications strategy, the company was able to experience a 100% increase in sales as well as a huge jump in re-engagement.Clearly, push notifications can be a valuable tool for any business that wants to increase traffic, brand awareness or conversions. However, there has to be a strategy in place. These tips can help you develop a strategy and maintain a positive brand reputation among your desired audience.

Stoichiometry Definition in Chemistry

Stoichiometry Definition in Chemistry Stoichiometry is one of the most important subjects in general chemistry. It is typically introduced after discussing parts of the atom and unit conversions. While its not difficult, many students get put off by the complicated-sounding word. For this reason, it may be introduced as Mass Relations. StoichiometryDefinition Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships or ratios between two or more substances undergoing a physical change or chemical change (chemical reaction). The word derives from the  Greek words:  stoicheion  (meaning element) and  metron  (meaning to measure). Most often, stoichiometry calculations deal with the mass or volumes of products and reactants. Pronunciation Pronounce stoichiometry as  stoy-kee-ah-met-tree or abbreviate it as stoyk. What Is Stoichiometry? Jeremias Benjaim Richter defined stoichiometry in 1792 as the science of measuring quantities or mass ratios of chemical elements. You might be given a chemical equation and the mass of one reactant or product and asked to determine the quantity of another reactant or product in the equation. Or, you might be given the quantities of reactants and products and asked to write the balanced equation that fits the math. Important Concepts in Stoichiometry You must master the following chemistry concepts to solve stoichiometry problems: Balancing equationsConverting between grams and molesCalculating molar massCalculating mole ratios Remember, stoichiometry is the study of mass relations. To master it, you need to be comfortable with unit conversions and balancing equations. From there, the focus is on mole relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Mass-Mass Stoichiometry Problem One of the most common types of chemistry problems youll use stoichiometry to solve is the mass-mass problem. Here are the steps to solve a mass-mass problem: Correctly identify the problem as a mass-mass problem. Usually youre given a chemical equation, like:A 2B → CMost often, the question is a word problem, such as:Assume 10.0 grams of A reacts completely with B. How many grams of C will be produced?Balance the chemical equation. Make certain you have the same number of each type of atom on both the reactants and products side of the arrow in the equation. In other words, apply the Law of Conservation of Mass.Convert any mass values in the problem into moles. Use the molar mass to do this.Use molar proportion to determine unknown quantities of moles. Do this by setting two molar ratios equal to each other, with the unknown as the only value to solve.Convert the mole value you just found into mass, using the molar mass of that substance. Excess Reactant, Limiting Reactant, and Theoretical Yield Because atoms, molecules, and ions react with each other according to molar ratios, youll also encounter stoichiometry problems that ask you to identify the limiting reactant or any reactant that is present in excess. Once you know how many moles of each reactant you have, you compare this ratio to the ratio required to complete the reaction. The limiting reactant would be used up before the other reactant, while the excess reactant would be the one leftover after the reaction proceeded. Since the limiting reactant defines exactly how much of each reactant actually participates in a reaction, stoichiometry is used to determine theoretical yield. This is how much product can be formed if the reaction uses all of the limiting reactant and proceeds to completion. The value is determined using the molar ratio between the amount of limiting reactant and product.

Stratovolcano the Composite Cones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stratovolcano the Composite Cones - Essay Example Stratovolcanoes are common at subduction zones forming a chain of volcanic features along plate tectonic boundaries where the oceanic crust is drawn under continental crust. The magma that is responsible for stratovolcanoes formation rises when water that is trapped both in the porous basalt rock and in hydrated minerals of the upper oceanic crust layer. It is then released into the mantle rock of the asthenosphere of earth’s crust that is above the sinking oceanic slab. After the occurrence of dewatering at high pressures and temperatures for each mineral, the plate descends to greater depths. The released water from this rock then lowers the melting point by cooling the temperatures of the overlying mantle rock. This in turn makes the rock to undergo partial melting and then rises due to its lighter density relative as compared to the surrounding mantle rock and the pools that form temporarily at the base of the lithosphere. The magma then rises thought the earth’s cr ust, carrying silica-rich crustal rock leading to a final intermediate composition. On reaching near the top surface, it then forms a pool in the magma chamber within the volcano, due to low pressure, water and other compounds such as chlorine sulphur and carbon dioxide dissolve in the magma to escape from the solution. Once a critical large volume of magma and gases accumulates the rock that acts as an obstacle is then overcame leading to a sudden explosive eruption (Biley ). Stratovolcanoes are rated as the most hazards to civilians as they cause large numbers of death when they occur. Many deaths are caused by mud and the pyroclastic flow that fast-moving mixture of hot volcanic debris ash and gases that can travel at high speed of about 160km/h. The eruption of Mt Pel’ee on Martinique Island in the Caribbean, El Chi chon volcano in Mexico which killed thousands of lives, the Pinatubo volcano that erupted in 1991 in Manila and the Unzen volcano on the island of Kyushu. Stratovolcanoes mainly form at the convergent plate margins usually where one plate descends beneath an adjacent denser plate at the site of a subduction zone.  

Population resource environment - need in 12 hours Essay

Population resource environment - need in 12 hours - Essay Example Without the environment, humans and all other living things will find it hard to exist. Sustainable development is meeting the needs of the present generation and progressing economically without compromising the needs of the future generation (Reinhardt p.153). This makes sure that the resources, both humans and the natural environment alike, are used and developed in a way that will maintain both the present and future society. Without sustainability, natural resources will be depleted that it will compromise the future generations and endanger their very existence. This shows how important environmental protection is. Without economic progress, the nation will not be able to produce enough to maintain the growing population. But it is exactly because of the growing population that the carrying capacity of the land is jeopardized (Seitz pp.59-61). While maintaining economic progress, it is important to consider the different factors that it impacts, particularly the environment. Land and natural resources cannot be multiplied or created overnight. The growing population eats up land resources while the development and industrialization eats up the rest of the land and other natural resources in order to maintain the existence of the society. Environmental crisis exists because of the excessive use of the natural resources to the point of depletion. Other environmental costs of development are increase of harmful chemicals and toxic gases that pollutes the environment and affects humans gravely, global warming and more (Byrne and Rich pp.55-63). Though there are always new technologies and research es to find other resources that could provide the needs of the world, it continues to jeopardize the rest of the environment. Aside from that, industrialization continues to create technologies harmful not only for the natural environment but also for

Abortion is the Denial of Every Liberty without further Argument Essay

Abortion is the Denial of Every Liberty without further Argument - Essay Example Devoid of the privilege towards life, the other privileges are worthless. It is one of the most debated topics of this century. They have been performed for years, legally and illegally, all for the sake of one thing... to end an unwanted pregnancy. In modern society, abortion has become the number one birth control pill. A woman who happens to pregnant often believes abortion as their initial alternative. Because being poor, too young, unmarried, and not wanting a baby is most popular reasons for women to have an abortion. Another most common issue involving abortion is rape. Some women keep in mind that terminating a pregnancy might have to do with the health of the pregnant woman, or maybe this woman is unable to concentrate on the child’s needs after it’s born. In today’s society, more and more women are becoming pregnant at earlier ages. The majority of these women will opt to get an abortion while the rest will either keep the child or give it up for adoption. Some abortions may occur because contraception fails or because of a serious medical condition of the mother, which could lead to her death. In these situations, abortion is often the only way that prevents the birth of an unwanted child or saves a mothers life. So whatever our society decides to do with abortion, remember the effects that could happen to the world as a whole. She does this by her own free will, and she can control over what she is doing. So, if women are going to participate in this risky and unsafe practice, then they must be ready to pay the consequences; killing the innocent baby does not show any responsibility at all. They think the fetus is not yet a human being. Abortion certainly leads to health problems. According to some mothers, the worst part of having an abortion is the emotional pain that it brings once it is done (MariAnna, 2002).  Ã‚  

Process of natural and sexual selection

Process of natural and sexual selection Explain, with examples, how the process of natural selection and sexual selection are thought to have contributed to modern-day behaviour.â€Å"Evolution: The gradual process by which species develop from earlier forms† (Clegg, 2007, p 107). For thousands of years lay people have argued about how the world has evolved. For example, did it evolve from god or some other supernatural source? Evolution is a miraculous process and refers to the fabrication and development of life on earth and establishes the formation of modern man. The two major processes of evolution will be explained in this essay: natural selection and sexual selection. Furthermore, examining how and why these processes have contributed to modern- day human behaviour. In 1858, British naturalist Charles R. Darwin finished his theory of evolution, also known as Darwins theory. Darwins theory states that all species evolved from either many or few common ancestors or descendants under circumstances of natural selection. A species is a population of organisms that reproduce and have offspring that have modifications from the species that lived before them. Natural selection is a process that is based on three assumptions. Firstly, organisms, â€Å"physical and behavioural characteristics which enable survival (and the genes which code for these) are passed onto descendants† (Clegg, 2007, p 121). Secondly, the modification is then acquired through the genes. Furthermore, thirdly the limitation of food for each species, competition is formed in which all livings beings must compete for the supply of food, water, space, and other resources. Individual plants and animals whose adaptations of suited best for a certain environment tend to have an advantage in the competition for survival. Species with this advantage tend to leave a larger number of offspring than the less fortunate species. As a result, the species that is best adapted to its environment increases from generation to generation. Organisms struggle for the necessities of life if there is competition for resources. The species that is best adapted to survive will succeed and others become extinct. The term â€Å"fitness† (Clegg, 2007, p 121)refers to certain characteristics being successful within their environment and being passed down to each generation, but the conditions for the reproduction must be correct. It is measured by reproductive success. Adaption is the result of the process of natural selection. Adaptions are the behaviours that have been acquired through evolutionary processes to ensure their survival in this generation and to every generation after them. Inherited characteristics of an organism also occur through adaption. Individual human behaviour is genetically predisposed or influenced by environmental factors such as personal experiences and culture. Adaption has contributed to many modern day behaviours. For example, in western society humans, â€Å"have pleasure in eating sweet and fatty foods† (Clegg, 2007, p 123). These types of food are often high in calories and often undigested sugar turns to fat when not exercising. In the generations before the behaviour of modern society, these types of food would enable the fittest to survive. Hereditary traits cause some people to behave and respond differently from one another. For example, and individual who has high temperament. This trait of being high tempered is very difficult to remove from a persons behaviour since this is already incorporated in the genes from conception. A person who has a high and fast learning ability could respond immediately to situations and instructions, hence attainment of the goal is made easy. Baron-Cohen argued that, â€Å"Theory of mind, is of central importance of modern human behaviour† (as cited in Clegg, 2007, p 133). It involves the ability to understand the thoughts and intentions of others. Theory of mind is innate, something that has evolved in humans. In children with autism, they lack theory of mind empirical investigations such as the Maxi test prove this (Clegg, 2007, p 136). Autism is a quite recent discovery. It is argued that genetic mutations are responsible for this (Rudy, 2009) although mutations serve no purpose in evolution. However, if it were to be advantageous to modern day human behaviour and the evolution of mankind more cases will be discovered and autism will evolve. Sexual Selection is a theory proposed by Charles Darwin. Darwin felt natural selection alone was unable to explain the non-competitive adaptions, for example the tail of a peacock (Wikipedia, 2007). The mechanism attempts to explain that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by inherited behavioural and psychsical charecteristics. There are two contests known as intrasexual and intersexual selection. Intrasexual selection involves males passing on competitveness through there genes, for example large antlers. Wheras, intersexual selection involves either sex choosing a partner that has a inherited charactersitc for example intelligence. The beard of the modern day male is a result of sexual selection. Other differences in the modern day man include different races. Sexual selection would account for thease because natural selection could not account for this (Wikipedia, 2007). Parental investmet is a term that was originated by Trivers (Clegg, 2007). It means that the male or female that invests the most in their offspring to ensure their survival. Trivers argued that the sex that invests the most in their offspring will be more selective when choosing their partner. Males tend to be with many females where as females look for quality when choosing a partner. Buss argues that this theory has contributed to modern day behaviour today. For exmple, women who prefer rich men and have a good job and career can provide excellent investment for their offspring. On the other hand men prefer beautiful young women who are the best investment for their offspring (Dubuc, 2007). The brain, is an important factor in sexual slection. The social brain hypothesis argues that in order to solve difficualt social problems the brain gets bigger (Clegg, 2007). The modern day human brain is bigger than that of the prehistoric ape, 3 times bigger, suggesting that there are advantages to having a bigger brain (Clegg, 2007). Evolutionary adaption suggests that humans have evolved the way they have and, humans brains have evolved to be bigger than their ancestors because of the need to deal with more complex social situations and complex societies. In conclusion, natural selection tends to focus on the degree of adaption and mutation for survival. Whereas sexual selection is more concerned with the mate choice and how sexually desired traits have in fact speeded up the process of how humans have evolved. Both processes have contributed to modern day behaviour and both processes prove Darwins phrase that â€Å"only the fittest survive†. References Clegg, H. (2007). Evolutionary Psychology. In D. Miell, A. Pheonix, K. Thomas (Eds.), Mapping Psychology (2nd ed., pp.105-166). Milton Keynes: The Open University. Dubuc, B. (2002) Tool Module: Sexual Selection and the Theory of Parental Investment Retrieved November 1st 2009 from http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/capsules/outil_bleu11.html Rudy, L. J. (2009). Genetic autism and spontaneous mutation. Retrieved November 8th 2009 from http://autism.about.com/od/causesofautism/a/newmutations.htm Wikipedia (2007) Sexual Selection. Retrieved November 1st 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_selection

Percy B. Shelley :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Percy Bysshe Shelley was born on August 4, 1792 to the extremely conventional Sir Timothy, who, being a man of influence, no doubt wanted his first born son to follow in his footsteps (Richards 671). Shelley, however, had much less conformist views, and was even â€Å"ragged† at Eton for expressing such (Matthews 196). He did not care to learn what his â€Å"tyrants† taught, but was interested rather, in science (which was outlawed from Eton at the time), Godwin, and the French skeptics. The rebellious nature persisted as he grew older and he developed a â€Å"delight† for controversy (Matthews 195). This â€Å"delight† ultimately lead to his expulsion from Oxford because of his writing â€Å"The Necessity of Atheism.† His patience for authority continued to diminish, until he eventually developed a passion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shelley wanted to fight tyranny, as well as slavery. His ultimate goal was to lead men to a â€Å"life of freedom, love, and apprehension of the beautiful† (Richards 672). Shelley felt that repression exist because mankind instituted and tolerated it (Matthews 200). He believed that â€Å"Mankind only had to will that there should be no evil, and there would be none† (Ford 161). This idealistic view of the world is evident in the majority of Shelley’s literary works.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1819, Shelley wrote â€Å"Song to the Men of England† (Editors 610). This poem was written for the same purpose as many of his others: to urge the working class of Great Britain to rebel. The imagery of a bee hive is evident throughout this piece. In stanza II, for instance, the â€Å"tyrants† are referred to as â€Å"Those ungrateful drones who would / Drain [the] sweat - nay, drink [the] blood.† In stanza III, a reference is made to the working class as the â€Å"Base of England.† The metaphor is picked up again in stanza VII, when Shelley orders the â€Å"Men of England† to â€Å"shrink to [their]...cells† (Editors 611).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most rebellion-inspiring lines are found in stanza VI:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sow seed - but let no tyrant reap;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Find wealth, - let no impostor heap;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weave robes, - let not the idle wear;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forge arms, - in your defense to bear. (21-24) This is the second time, in this poem alone, that Shelley refers to the aristocrats and rulers of England as tyrants. This is evidence of his strong desire for political reform. He sincerely felt that the only way to gain freedom was by overthrowing â€Å"entrenched order† (Matthews 199).